Plastic treatments of groups in relief sculpture in Mesopotamian civilizations

Art is the finest language and means through which man - since God created him - has tried to express what is simmering inside him, about himself, his thoughts and feelings, by using his skills to produce things that have artistic value. Sculpture is considered one of the most important manifestations of ancient civilizations, and relief sculpture in particular is considered the expressive interface of those civilizations. We see it found in temples, initially to achieve the religious purpose, and then to it was added the worldly purpose represented by human life through daily life and its customs and traditions. Given that art is the truest mirror that tells us the news of nations in ancient times and through which we can learn about the beliefs, morals, laws, customs, social, political, economic and other status of any people, here we are proud and specialized in talking about one of the important parts in the field of arts, especially the field of prominent sculpture, which is plastic treatments. For bas-relief paintings that contain human groups or groups of elements in general. We study the aesthetics of these paintings, and the impact of this on the psyche of people, especially in works that dealt with the subject of the king and his victories in many ancient civilizations. We will discuss the difference between each model from the other to find the differences in design and implementation, the difference in materials used in each era, and the reason for the difference in materials.