Architectural and decorative elements of the facades and entrances of the palaces and pavilions in Istanbul during the reigns of sultan Abdulmajid and Abdulaziz in the period (1255- 1293AH/ 1839- 1876AD)

The city of Istanbul was a cultural center with its buildings and arts that embody the greatness and capabilities of the ottoman sultans, distinguished the buildings of the (13 AH / 19 AD) century influences European whether it was the baroque, Rococo or the renaissance which the turks accepted in their buildings, the facades and entrances palaces and pavilions in Istanbul served as an open museum crowded with various architectural and decorative elements which prompted me to choose this topic in order to highlight the artistic value of these multiple elements,first,introducing the architecture of the subject of the study, Dolmabahçe Palace ( 1262- 1259AH/ 1843- 1856AD) in Beşiktaş, pavilion Abdulmajid at Topkapi Palace, Ihlamur pavilion, pavilion Abdulmajid at beykoz (1261AH/1845AD)(1270AH/1854AD),pavilion Tophane (1269- 1270AH/1852- 1853AD), Küçüksu pavilion (1272AH/1856AD), beylerybi palace ( 1278- 1282AH/ 1861- 1865AD), ciragan palace (1279- 1280AH/ 1862- 1863AD), mayben pavilion on yildiz palace (1283AH/1866AD)
- secand,the architects such as Garabet Balyan, Nigoğayos Balyan, Sarkis Balyan, Hagop Balyan.
- third, building materials,such as stone, marble,wood,metal,
- fourth,decorative methods such as: high relief, gilding
-fifthy, the architectural elements, such as: Columns (Ionic column, Corinthian column, composite column), arches, corbels, frontons, staircases, windows, balconies, vaults, towers
- sixth, decorative elements such as , floral decoration, acanthus leaves, flower curtains, Pine ,anthemion,interlaced floral motifs, flower vases, geometrical decoration such as: Egg and dart, Shell, Radiant motifs, star plate, panel, volutes, Inscriptions, Architectural decorations, and scenes of animals and birds.
- search results, followed by a number of maps, figures and plates.